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''Nicholas and Alexandra'' is a 1971 biographical film which partly tells the story of the last ruling Russian monarch, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, and his wife, Tsarina Alexandra. The film was adapted by James Goldman from the book by Robert K. Massie. It was directed by Franklin J. Schaffner. It won Academy Awards for Best Art Direction-Set Decoration (John Box, Ernest Archer, Jack Maxsted, Gil Parrondo, Vernon Dixon) and Best Costume Design (Yvonne Blake, Antonio Castillo), and was nominated for Best Actress in a Leading Role South Africa's (Janet Suzman), Best Cinematography, Best Music, Original Dramatic Score and Best Picture.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NY Times: Nicholas and Alexandra )〕 ==Plot== The story begins with the birth of Tsarevich Alexei on 12 August 1904 during the Russo-Japanese War. Tsar Nicholas (Michael Jayston) is warned by the Prime Minister Count Witte (Laurence Olivier) and his uncle Grand Duke Nicholas (Harry Andrews) that the war is futile and costing too many lives. They tell him the Russian people want representative government, health care, voting and workers' rights, but Nicholas wants to maintain the autocracy. Meanwhile, underground political parties led by Vladimir Lenin (Michael Bryant), Joseph Stalin (James Hazeldine) and Leon Trotsky (Brian Cox) have formed. Alexei is diagnosed with hemophilia. The Tsarina Alexandra (Janet Suzman), a German, is disliked by the Russian royal court. She befriends Grigori Rasputin (Tom Baker), a Siberian peasant who describes himself as a holy man. Alexandra asks him to pray for Alexei, and believes in his healing abilities. Working under appalling conditions, the people are encouraged by Father Georgy Gapon (Julian Glover) to take part in a peaceful procession to the Winter Palace to present a petition to the Tsar. Hundreds of soldiers stand in front of the palace and fire into the crowd. Nicholas hears of the Bloody Sunday massacre and, though horrified, admits he wouldn't have granted the people's requests. 1913 marks the 300th anniversary of the Romanov Dynasty. The family holidays at the Livadia Palace in the Crimea. Prime Minister Pyotr Stolypin (Eric Porter) has preserved the Russian Empire. He presents Nicholas with police reports about Rasputin's dissolute behaviour, which is damaging the Tsar's reputation. Nicholas dismisses Rasputin from the court. Alexandra demands his return, as she believes only Rasputin can stop the bleeding attacks, but Nicholas stands firm in his decision. The Tercentenary celebrations occur and a lavish Royal Tour across Imperial Russia ensues, but crowds are thin. Other national festivities and Church celebrations go ahead, but an event at the Kiev Opera House ends horribly when Prime Minister Stolypin is assassinated. Nicholas executes the killers and closes the Duma, allowing police to terrorise the peasants. Alexei falls at the Spala Hunting Lodge, which leads to another bleeding attack. It is presumed he will die. The Tsarina writes to Rasputin, who responds with words of comfort. The Tsarevich recovers and Rasputin returns. World War I begins a few weeks after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, part of Austria-Hungary. Nicholas orders a full mobilization of the Russian army on the German border and as a result Germany declares war. He decides to command the troops in 1915 and leaves for the front, taking over from the experienced, Grand Duke Nicholas. Alexandra is in charge at home. Under Rasputin's influence, she makes poor decisions. The Tsarina is losing control and Rasputin's behavior has not changed. Nicholas is visited by his mother Dowager Empress Maria Foeodorovna (Irene Worth), who is critical of his incompetence. She scolds him about avoiding domestic issues and implores him to eliminate Rasputin and to send Alexandra to Livadia in the Crimea. Grand Duke Dmitri (Richard Warwick) and Prince Felix Yusupov (Martin Potter), invite Rasputin to a party and murder him in December, 1916. Alexandra continues her misrule. The army is ill supplied. Starving and freezing workers revolt in St. Petersburg in March 1917. Nicholas decides to return to Tsarskoye Selo too late and is forced to abdicate in his train at Mogilev. The family with Dr. Botkin (Timothy West) and attendants leave Tsarskoye Selo and are exiled by Kerensky to Tobolsk in Siberia in August 1917. They live guarded under less grand conditions. In October 1917, Russia falls to the Bolsheviks. The family is transferred to the Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg. Under harsher conditions they are guarded by the cold-blooded Yakov Yurovsky (Alan Webb). One of the guards attempts to steal Alexei's watch and Nagorny leaps to his defence. Nagorny is taken away and shot. In a near-final scene, the family are laughing as they read withheld letters from friends and relatives. In the early hours of 17 July 1918, the Bolsheviks awaken the Romanov family and Dr. Botkin telling them they must leave. They wait in the cellar. Yurovsky and his assistants enter the room and open fire. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nicholas and Alexandra」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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